ACT and College Research Paper - 633 Words

People frequently say that everything from GPA to extracurricular activities counts starting in high school. Thus, many students tend to start planning for their future in their first year in high school. One of the major concerns of most high school students getting ready for college is a financial issue. Doing well on national exams such as the ACT can solve this problem with possible scholarships offered at colleges. Understanding the purpose and description of the ACT as well as the information about the tuition fee and the Pre-Pharmacy program at Oregon State University is important for me to get a head start on my future education. According to The ACT, the purpose of the test is to give colleges additional information about the student’s academic ability other than the student’s grades. The ACT score also shows how prepared the student is for college and helps colleges place the student in the right class. This test has four multiple-choice parts: English, Mathematics, Reading, and Science; however, optional writing part is available for those who are applying to colleges that require writing scores. The national testing days are from September to June, and the ACT advises students to take the test in their junior year because of the retesting opportunities and other advantages. Furthermore, the college prep courses that the ACT suggests are four years of English, three years of Mathematics, Natural Science, and Social Studies, and two or more years of additionalShow MoreRelatedLeadership1244 Words   |  5 Pages* Course Term Research Paper MAN2021 Research Paper.pdf  Ã‚   ***IMPORTANT*** LEADERSHIP, the topic of this paper, is covered in Chapter 10 of the text. It is to your benefit to read Chapter 10 before we cover it in the course in order to start your paper early. 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Managing People in British Petroleum and Overview of Disaster Free Essay Example, 2750 words

Analysis of BPStrengths: BP is one of the largest oil and Petroleum Company in the world The company has used a wide range of strategies pertaining the marketing of their refined products, trading gas, and also the liquefied natural gas and British Petroleum has grown to become a common household name. Widespread operations and increasingly unified brands like Amoco and ARCO and Castrol Focuses on green living and has made a number of new steps and approaches towards the climate change and has also included a number of products that help the company take larger steps towards addressing the issue of climate change (Longhurst, 1959). Also, BP has under its new banner taken up a number of huge steps towards the issue of climate change. British Petroleum is spread over almost six continents and the company has spread to over 100 countries. The main headquarters of the company, however, is based out of London United Kingdom. The company is also very mindful of the current economic co ndition and the company has also been extremely careful with their operations. The company s main secret to success has clearly been the strategies adopted for marketing, advertising, and public relations. The company has shown immense motivation and focus on the customers. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing People in British Petroleum and Overview of Disaster or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Yogurt Fermentation Free Essays

Yogurt Fermentation Yogurt is made by lactic acid fermentation. The main (starter) cultures in yogurt are Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. The function of the starter cultures is to ferment lactose (milk sugar) to produce lactic acid. We will write a custom essay sample on Yogurt Fermentation or any similar topic only for you Order Now The increase in lactic acid decreases pH and causes the milk to clot, or form the soft gel that is characteristic of yogurt. The fermentation of lactose also produces the flavor compounds that are characteristic of yogurt. Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus are the only 2 cultures required by law (CFR) to be present in yogurt. Other bacterial cultures, such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus subsp. casei, and Bifido-bacteria may be added to yogurt as probiotic cultures. Probiotic cultures benefit human health by improving lactose digestion, gastrointestinal function, and stimulating the immune system. Lactic acid fermentation is the simplest type of fermentation. Basically, it is a redox reaction. In anaerobic conditions, the cell’s primary mechanism of ATP production is glycolysis. Glycolysis reduces – that is, transfers electrons to – NAD+, forming NADH. However, there is only a limited supply of NAD+ available in a cell. For glycolysis to continue, NADH must be oxidized – that is, have electrons taken away – to regenerate the NAD+. This is usually done through an electron transport chain in a process called oxidative phosphorylation. However, this mechanism is not available without oxygen. Instead, the NADH donates its extra electrons to the pyruvate molecules formed during glycolysis. Since the NADH has lost electrons, NAD+ regenerates and is again available for glycolysis. Lactic acid, for which this process is named, is formed by the reduction of pyruvate. The total fermentation process to make yogurt is fairly simply. The milk mixture is pasteurized at 185 °F (85 °C) for 30 minutes or at 203 °F (95 °C) for 10 minutes. A high heat treatment is used to denature the whey (serum) proteins. This allows the proteins to form a more stable gel, which prevents separation of the water during storage. The high heat treatment also further reduces the number of spoilage organisms in the milk to provide a better environment for the starter cultures to grow. Yogurt is pasteurized before the starter cultures are added to ensure that the cultures remain active in the yogurt after fermentation to act as probiotics; if the yogurt is pasteurized after fermentation the cultures will be inactivated. Next, the blend is homogenized (2000 to 2500 psi) to mix all ingredients thoroughly and improve yogurt consistency. Then, the milk is cooled to 108 °F (42 °C) to bring the yogurt to the ideal growth temperature for the starter culture. Following this, the starter cultures are mixed into the cooled milk. Next, the milk is held at 108 °F (42 °C) until a pH 4. 5 is reached. This allows the fermentation to progress to form a soft gel and the characteristic flavor of yogurt. This process can take several hours. The yogurt is then cooled to 7 °C to stop the fermentation process. Fruit and flavors are added at different steps depending on the type of yogurt. Finally, the yogurt is pumped from the fermentation vat and packaged as desired. Primary Source: â€Å"Yogurt Production. † Milk Facts. Cornell University, n. d. Web. 8 Oct 2012. How to cite Yogurt Fermentation, Essay examples

Macroeconomics Non Walrasian Approach

Question: Discuss about the Macroeconomics for Non Walrasian Approach. Answer: Introduction: In introduction it can be said that an economy which is operating at the equilibrium level, will have its most efficient short run price level and output level as the long run equilibrium. The economic variables which measure the equilibrium are short run demand and supply and long run demand and supply. A time period is termed as the short run when at least one factor of production is fixed and the other factors are variable. In the long run, all the factors of production are variable(Mankiw, 2014). The purpose of this answer is to explain why a stable economic equilibrium shows the economy operating at an output level at which the aggregate demand curve, the long run aggregate supply curve and the short run aggregate supply curve all intersect. In macroeconomics, the natural level of employment is responsible for the long run equilibrium out to be at its potential level. The quantity of labour supplied and demanded has to be equal, which will provide the equilibrium wage and employment. With equilibrium in the employment market the equilibrium in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) will follow. This process of finding out the equilibrium situation in the market is done automatically. This phenomenon is thus termed as the invisible hand of the market by J.M. Keynes(Bernanke, Antonovics, Frank, 2015). The process starts in the short run. The short run equilibrium is depicted in the figure below: As the above picture shows, the Short Run Aggregate Supply (SRAS) curve is upward sloping which means the firms will produce more to achieve higher revenue as the price rises, other thing remaining constant. The SRAS curve shifts when people expect the future price level will change, adjustments are done according to the past errors, and significant change in natural resources occur(Temin Vines, 2015). Aggregate demand is the downward sloping curve which shows the relationship between the price level and output that is demanded by the households. The intersection of these two curves gives the equilibrium level of output and price which are Qe and Pe. Changes in government policies, changes in the expectations of the households and their taste and preferences are the reason the aggregate demand changes(Frisch Worgotter, 2016). Both of the supply curve and the demand curve shifts when anything other than the price level changes. The long run aggregate supply curve (LRAS) shows the relationship between the level of price and quantity being supplied in the long run, when there are no fixed factors of production. The long run supply is not affected by the price level as shown in the figure below: As the figure above shows, the change in price level from P1 to P2 has no effect on the equilibrium output Qe. It is the potential GDP of the economy. The potential GDP changes as the available resources change in the economy, technologies used in production change, and machineries and equipments change(Scarth, 2014). In an economy all these curves intersects at the equilibrium level, and even if a change occurs due to any change in the economy, the equilibrium again moves back to its original position which represents the potential output. The situation is depicted in the figure below: The above figure shows the initial equilibrium level of price at P1 and output at Qe at equilibrium point A. Qe is the potential GDP of the economy. If the investment in the economy or any other economic variable goes down, it will result in a leftward shift of the demand curve. As a result the equilibrium will shift to B from A. This is not the potential equilibrium. This will cause a recession. This situation will trigger the firm workers to adjust to the new price level of P2. This price level is lower than the expected(Benassy, 2014). The cost of production will also fall due to this response. This whole situation will cause the short run aggregate supply shift to the right as more will be supplied by the producers at low cost. This will again move the equilibrium to the point C. At this level the potential GDP Qe is attained. But the price falls to the level P3. Hence the economy pushes the market back at the stable point where the LRAS, SRAS, and the aggregate demand intersects (Hubbard O'Brien, 2015). As the figure above shows, if the demand in the economy increases due to any economic reasons, the aggregate demand will shift outwards from F to E. This will increase the price level and the output will be above the potential level. To meet that level of demand and price level, the producers will reduce the supply following the rise in cost(Wray, 2015). The equilibrium again will move from E to D. Hence, the stability will again pull back the output to the potential and the price will rise to P3. In conclusion it can be said that the economic equilibrium will always put the economy operating at the potential level of output where the aggregate demand curve, the long run aggregate supply curve and the short run aggregate supply curve all intersect. The reason behind this is, the change in the demand will be followed by a change in the supply. The producers will employ accordingly. Hence, the natural rate of employment will ensure that the natural level of output is followed. The SRAS and the Demand curve will follow the short run shocks till the equilibrium becomes stable. References: Benassy, J. P. (2014). Macroeconomics: an introduction to the non-Walrasian approach. . Academic Press. Bernanke, B., Antonovics, K., Frank, R. (2015). Principles of macroeconomics. . McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Frisch, H., Worgotter, A. (2016). Open-Economy Macroeconomics. . Springer. Hubbard, R. G., O'Brien, A. P. (2015). Macroeconomics. Pearson: . Mankiw, N. G. (2014). Principles of macroeconomics. . Cengage Learning. Scarth, W. (2014). Macroeconomics. . Books. Temin, P., Vines, D. (2015). Comments on Paul Davidson's' Full Employment, Open Economy Macroeconomics, and Keynes General Theory: Does the Swan Diagram Suffice?'. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 36. Wray, L. R. (2015). Modern money theory: A primer on macroeconomics for sovereign monetary systems. . Springer.